Texto de presentación para el monográfico _De São Paulo a Puebla: la izquierda iberoamericana entre el retorno y la transformación (1990-2024)._.

Monitoring systems have recently arisen to verify compliance with corporate codes of conduct for labor. This article places codes in the context of broader debates on global governance and argues for an empowered participatory approach to international labor standards focusing on enabling rights. Based on ethnographic research in Mexico and Guatemala on the implementation of codes in the apparel sector and their use in cross-border organizing campaigns, it explores the effect of monitoring on worker empowerment and working conditions in global (...) factories. The analysis highlights institutional designs and political strategies capable of contributing to the protection of international labor rights. (shrink)

Las democracias modernas no son perfectas. Por un lado, se ven afectados por problemas como la corrupción, el nepotismo y el populismo. Por otro lado, están moldeados por tecnologías, desde la impresión hasta la web. En los últimos años, académicos y tecnólogos han comenzado a explorar alternativas para aumentar, modificar, o mejorar la democracia. Estas incluyen propuestas teóricas y prácticas basadas en el uso de herramientas digitales, desde algoritmos que buscan maximizar la representatividad de foros deliberativos, a sistemas de datos (...) abiertos, recomendación de votos, y presupuestos participativos. Estas y otras propuestas tienen como objetivo mejorar la participación pública; reducir la vulnerabilidad de los sistemas democráticos representativos; aumentar la responsabilidad de los políticos; o simplemente ofrecer a los ciudadanos un mayor control y escrutinio de las acciones y decisiones políticas. (shrink)

Recent studies have pointed to the existence of a strong relationship between memory and mental representation, while others have shown that images are open to reinterpretation and manipulation; this volume offers a historical overview of the problem as well as a review of the research in psychology and related fields.

What's New will present discussions of new methodologies or improvements of previously developed techniques. In this article, A. C. Cuello and C. Milstein discuss the present status of monoclonal antibody technology..

Negri, a leading Marxist philosopher, has inspired anti-empire movements around the world through his writings and personal example. This work, which began as a conversation between Negri and literary critic Casarino, is the most complete review of the philosopher's work.

Most clinical neurofeedback studies based on functional magnetic resonance imaging use the patient's own neural activity as feedback. The objective of this study was to create a subject-independent brain state classifier as part of a real-time fMRI neurofeedback system that can guide patients with depression in achieving a healthy brain state, and then to examine subsequent clinical changes. In a first step, a brain classifier based on a support vector machine was trained from the neural information of happy autobiographical imagery (...) and motor imagery blocks received from a healthy female participant during an MRI session. In the second step, 7 right-handed female patients with mild or moderate depressive symptoms were trained to match their own neural activity with the neural activity corresponding to the “happiness emotional brain state” of the healthy participant. The training was carried out using the rt-fMRI NF system guided by the brain-state classifier we had created. Thus, the informative voxels previously obtained in the first step, using SVM classification and Effect Mapping, were used to classify the Blood-Oxygen-Level Dependent activity of the patients and converted into real-time visual feedback during the neurofeedback training runs. Improvements in the classifier accuracy toward the end of the training were observed in all the patients [Session 4–1 Median = 6.563%; Range = 4.10–27.34; Wilcoxon Test, 2-tailed p = 0.031]. Clinical improvement also was observed in a blind standardized clinical evaluation [HDRS CE2-1 Median = 7; Range 2 to 15; Wilcoxon Test, 2-tailed p = 0.016], and in self-report assessments [BDI-II CE2-1 Median = 8; Range 1–15; Wilcoxon Test, 2-tailed p = 0.031]. In addition, the clinical improvement was still present 10 days after the intervention [BDI-II CE3-2_Median = 0; Range −1 to 2; Wilcoxon Test, 2-tailed p = 0.50/ HDRS CE3-2 Median = 0; Range −1 to 2; Wilcoxon Test, 2-tailed p = 0.625]. Although the number of participants needs to be increased and a control group included to confirm these findings, the results suggest a novel option for neural modulation and clinical alleviation in depression using noninvasive stimulation technologies. (shrink)

Highlights the central place of Greek philosophy, particularly Plato, in "Truth and Method" philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer's work, brings out differences between his thought and that of Heidegger and connects him with discussions and ...

La disfasia es un término que conceptualiza una entidad gnoseológica relacionada con la organización del lenguaje en su evolución. Es un trastorno grave y de prolongada duración que afecta a niños desde el inicio del desarrollo del lenguaje, se extiende a toda la infancia y la adolescencia y puede dejar secuelas en el estado adulto. En esta revisión bibliográfica se propone un acercamiento a la comprensión de sus dimensiones, concepto, síntomas y pautas para el diagnóstico e intervención desde el enfoque (...) de la Comunicación. Dysphasia is a term that conceptualizes a gnoseologic entity related to the organization of language in its evolution. It is a severe and prolonged duration disorder that affects children since the beginning of the language development and extends to all children and adolescents; it can also leave consequences in the adult stage. This review proposes an approach to the understanding of its dimensions, concept, symptoms and guidelines for the diagnosis and involvement from a communication perspective. (shrink)

Reivindicación de Maquiavelo en la obra de Hannah Arendt -- Acercamientos a Max Weber desde una crítica a la modernidad -- La violencia como disolución de lo político.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Organized youth sport has become a prominent activity in Western societies, one around which myriad families structure their daily lives. Despite its popularity, or rather because of it, youth sport is besotted with complex problems. One distinctive set of problems pertains to children’s opportunities to benefit from engagement in sport. Such problems require a reflection on the conditions of justice. The goal of this paper is to explore ethical guidelines to make youth sport more just. The paper begins by characterizing (...) childhood, youth, and youth sport. Then, it articulates considerations of justice in youth sport. Together, these sections provide a basis to formulate the general features of a just youth sport. What emerges is a vision of youth sport that the adults involved in it should emphasize and implement if their young charges, and youth sport, are to flourish, as well as a novel approach to formulating and justifying normative criteria to make youth sport more just. (shrink)

A modularidade massiva pode ser descrita como um programa de pesquisa, nos termos da filosofia da ciência de Lakatos. Cumpre, para tanto, identificar o núcleo, mostrar evidências de que ele é assumido como infalsificável e examinar estratégias de articulação e sofisticação do cinto de proteção. No presente trabalho, faço isso com o intuito de responder à pergunta lançada no título. Em atenção a três desenvolvimentos recentes, cujas predições encontraram corroboração empírica, sou levado a inferir que esse programa é, de fato, (...) empiricamente progressivo. (shrink)

In his book Perché ancora la filosofia Carlo Cellucci argues that truth does not play any role in (modern) science: truth is only a chimera that prevents us «from adequately understanding the character of knowledge» and therefore «must be disposed of». I summarize Cellucci’s evidence for his contention that truth is a chimera. I then raise four objections to Cellucci’s views on truth. My conclusion is that, Cellucci’s arguments notwithstanding, a notion of truth is necessary for the human activity of (...) problem solving and therefore for an adequate understanding of the phenomenon of knowledge. (shrink)

This paper argues that racism should not only be conceived as a moral concept whose main aim is to condemn severe wrongs in the domain of race. The paper advances a complementary interpretation of racism as an explanatory concept--one that plays a key role in explaining race-based social problems afflicting members of subordinate racialized groups. As an explanatory concept, the term 'racism' is used to diagnose and highlight the causes of race-related social problems. The project of diagnosing race-based social problems (...) contributes to the pragmatic anti-racist end of developing better political and policy strategies for solving these social problems. The paper defends this interpretation of racism as an explanatory concept through a critical engagement with Urquidez's moral-philosophical account of racism. (shrink)

This study presents and develops in detail (a new version of) the argumental conception of meaning. The two basic principles of the argumental conception of meaning are: i) To know (implicitly) the sense of a word is to know (implicitly) all the argumentation rules concerning that word; ii) To know the sense of a sentence is to know the syntactic structure of that sentence and to know the senses of the words occurring in it. The sense of a sentence is (...) called immediate argumental role of that sentence. According to the argumental conception of meaning a theory of meaning for a particular language yields a systematic specification of the understanding of every sentence of the language which consists in a specification of the immediate argumental role of the sentence. The immediate argumental role is a particular aspect of the use of a sentence in arguments. But it is not the whole use in arguments, nor is the whole use in arguments reducible to the immediate argumental role. That is why, by accepting the argumental conception of meaning, we can have epistemological holism without linguistic holism. The argumental conception distinguishes between the understanding and the correctness of a language. Such a distinction makes it possible to account for our understanding of paradoxical languages. Redundancy theory of truth, realistic conceptions of truth or epistemic conceptions of truth are all compatible with an argumental conception of sense. But here it is argued that an epistemic conception of truth is preferrable. Acceptance of the argumental conception of meaning and of an epistemic conception of truth leads to a rejection of the idea of analytic truth. The argumental conception is pluralistic with respect to the understandability of different logics, and neutral with respect to their correctness. (shrink)

A partir da fenomenologia, os textos que compõem esta obra pretendem apresentar questões como a popularização da Biomedicina, as experiências do viver com HIV/AIDS e de recomposição do cotidiano após situações de violência sexual e reflexões sobre habilidades sensoriais na contemporaneidade. Apresenta dois capítulos que buscam tratar do Candomblé e os processos de autoidentificação e orientação das relações pessoas e orixás.

I defend impact-based accounts of institutional racism against the criticism that they are over-inclusive. If having a negative impact on non-whites suffices to make an institution racist, too many institutions (including institutions whose affirmative action policies inadvertently harm its intended beneficiaries) would count as racist. To address this challenge, I consider a further necessary condition for these institutions to count as racist—they must stand in a particular relation to racist ideology. I argue that, on the impact-based model, institutions are racist (...) if they have a negative racial impact AND this impact is legitimized by racist ideology. Racist ideologies limit social criticism of and collective action against institutions that have a negative racial impact, and in so doing, lend stability to systems of racial domination. (shrink)

Includes a translator’s preface, note on the text, and suggestions for further reading.

How do we get new knowledge? Following the maverick tradition in the philosophy of science, Carlo Cellucci gradually came to the conclusion that logic can only fulfill its role in mathematics, science and philosophy if it helps us to answer this question. He argues that mathematical logic is inadequate and that we need a new logic, framed in a naturalistic conception of knowledge and philosophy - the heuristic conception. This path from logic to a naturalistic conception of knowledge and philosophy (...) explains the title, From a Heuristic Point of View, which recalls the celebrated collection of essays, From a Logical Point of View, by Willard Van Orman Quine, the father of modern naturalized epistemology. The word 'heuristic' points to Cellucci's favorite theme and the main difference between him and Quine: the emphasis on discovery and building a 'logic' for generating new knowledge. This book is a collection of essays from leading figures in this field who discuss, criticize, or expand on the main topics in Cellucci's work, dealing with some of the most challenging questions in logic, science and philosophy. (shrink)

This is an introduction to Michael Dummett’s philosophy. Unlike other books on Dummett, this work considers the historical development of his philosophical thought: 1) Dummett in Oxford in the Fifties; 2) the discovery of Frege and the context principle; 3) a critique of realism in 1959; 4) theories of meaning; 5) truth-conditional, realist theories of meaning; 6) justificationist theories of meaning; 7) philosophy of time; 8) philosophy, science and religion; 9) Chronology of life and work; 10) History of the reception (...) of Dummett’s philosophy; 11) Bibliography. (shrink)

Homenagem a Carlos Paiva, acadêmico e doutorando do Grupo PAIDEIA, por ocasião de seu falecimento.

I address the objection that the concept of racism has become overly inflated. Critics of the conceptual inflation of “racism” argue that theories of institutional racism engage in untoward conceptual inflation insofar as they undermine our moral understanding of racial phenomena, hinder our ability to explain the causes of racial inequality, and even undercut struggles for racial justice. I develop an original account of institutional racism and show that it is immune to all three versions of the conceptual inflation challenge.

This article aims to highlight the productivity of falsehood in the context of its asymmetrical position with truth. The core of the discussion can be summarized in the following statement: if only truths can be drawn from truths, it cannot be said that truth cannot be drawn from falsehood. The central thesis of the text is that the asymmetrical behavior of falsehood promotes the dissociation between the criterion (based on the conservation of truth) and the field of validity so that (...) the latter, broader than the former, incorporates the movement not only from truth to truth, but also from falsehood to falsehood and, above all, from falsehood to truth. The distinction between the symmetrical and asymmetrical fields allows understanding, for example, the emergence of certain logical fallacies, the separation between demonstration and deduction, the thesis of Popperian fallibilism, and the use of the hypothetical-deductive method. Truth does not have functions analogous to those of falsehood. (shrink)

No presente trabalho propõe-se continuar o diálogo sugerido por Alejandro Cerletti (2008), frisando o eixo kantiano e salientando suas implicações políticas. O Sapere aude (KANT, 1999) aparece como proposta para a irrupção do pensamento do outro, o que não se limita ao mero conhecimento, pois a Aufklärung é também um projeto filosófico-político (Kant, 1989). Esse é o primeiro ponto de discussão, pois entendo que esse singular projeto é o modo proposto por Kant tanto para o exercício do pensar como para (...) a realização da liberdade individual e coletiva no âmbito da ação política. Dessa maneira, quando Kant define como o filósofo deveria exercer sua função específica e o para que desse exercício, estabelece uma imbricação (não superposição nem substituição) do filosofar com a ação política, considerando o filósofo como mais um dos agentes da política, com uma função específica e importante no cenário político, a partir do próprio exercício da filosofia. Aqui, então, se desdobra o segundo ponto de discussão, pois partindo desses pressupostos, quando Kant visa a formação de cidadãos do mundo, na construção e preservação de um estado civil, o exercício da filosofia não deveria se entender como uma propedêutica, e sim como uma das instâncias da formação e do exercício da política. Por isso, a formação política faz parte do currículo de filosofia não como instrumental que posteriormente seria utilizado, em âmbitos alheios à filosofia. (shrink)